Summary:
Epictetus teaches that it is not external events that cause us distress, but rather our interpretations of them. Our reactions are shaped by our perceptions, meaning that if we change how we judge a situation, we can change how it affects us emotionally.

Interpretation:
In daily life, this means recognising that setbacks or difficulties only have the power to upset us if we allow them to. For example, losing a job could be seen as a disaster or as an opportunity for new beginnings. If we train ourselves to view challenges with a rational and balanced mindset, we can maintain inner peace and respond more effectively to life’s ups and downs.